Materials and Methods: A total of 23 patients who had spontaneous pneumomediastinum and were treated at our clinic between 2007 and 2019 were retrospectively assessed for their age, etiological factors, clinical and radiological characteristics; treatment and outcomes. Chest radiography and computed tomography of the thorax were used for diagnosis in all patients.

Results: Of the patients, 15 were males and eight females and their mean age was 33.91 (15-82) years. The most common symptom on admission was shortness of breath (n = 12) and chest pain (n = 11). The etiological factors were excessive vomiting in six patients and excessive cough in five. Radiologically, the most common findings besides pneumomediastinum were subcutaneous emphysema (n = 6) and pneumothorax (n = 4). Of the patients, seven required esophagoscopy, four required bronchoscopy and no pathology was observed. All patients were fully recovered when they were discharged.

Conclusions: The underlying etiological factor is crucial in pneumomediastinum. Conservative treatment methods are often sufficient in spontaneous pneumomediastinum patients with no pathology in endoscopic evaluation. Keywords : pneumomediastinum, radiology, spontaneous, conservative treatment