Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Those with a postoperative histopathological diagnosis of LCNEC were included. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed, and factors affecting survival were investigated.
Results: Between January 2016 and December 2025, pulmonary resection was performed in 1066 patients with primary lung cancer, of whom 36 (3.4%) had LCNEC. The mean overall survival (OS) was 56.4 ± 8.0 months, with a 5-year OS rate of 42.8%. The mean disease-free survival (DFS) was 37.7 ± 7.4 months, with a 5-year DFS rate of 26.1%. Patients who received adjuvant therapy had significantly better OS (p < 0.001) and a trend toward improved DFS (p = 0.215) compared to those who did not, particularly in stage II and higher disease (p < 0.001 and p = 0.177, respectively). The presence of spread through air spaces (STAS) and higher N stage were associated with worse survival outcomes, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusions: Adjuvant therapy is associated with improved survival in patients undergoing surgery for
